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F Block Elements

 

Lanthanide- These are the rare earth elements 

Lanthanum- metal has no commercial uses. However, its alloys have a variety of uses.

Cerium- is the major component of mischmetal alloy

Praseodymium- is used in a variety of alloys.

neodymium- is in an alloy with iron and boron to make very strong permanent magnets.

promethium- is used only in research.

Samarium- are used in magnets.

Europium- is used in the printing of euro banknotes. 

Gadolinium- has useful properties in alloys.

Erbium- is used to dope calcium fluoride.

Dyprosium- as a pure metal it is little used, because it reacts readily with water and air.

Holmium- can absorb neutrons, so it is used in nuclear reactors to keep a chain reaction under control. 

Erbium- finds little use as a metal because it slowly tarnishes in air and is attacked by water. 

thulium- produces an isotope that emits x-rays

Ytterbium- is beginning to find a variety of uses, such as in memory devices and tuneable lasers.

Lutetium- is little used outside research. 

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